| IEC category | Stop | Communication | Informational | Curtailment | Warning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Requested Shutdown | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| None | 21 | 744 | 168 | 0 | 2320 |
| Forced outage | 892 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 403 |
| Full Performance | 0 | 0 | 227877 | 0 | 1461 |
| Out of Environmental Specification | 93 | 0 | 90500 | 0 | 0 |
| Partial Performance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 9 |
| Technical Standby | 3094 | 0 | 56248 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled Maintenance | 818 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Out of Electrical Specification | 371 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note: Only "Forced outage" events with status "Stop" are considered for the evaluation, i.e., 892 events. | |||||
SCADA-Based Reliability Evaluation
Kelmarsh Wind Farm - 12.3 MW
Kelmarsh Wind Farm
Project Overview
“Kelmarsh comprises six 2.05MW Senvion MM92 turbines. The Project was acquired from EON in December 2014 and was constructed in joint venture with Santander using balance sheet finance. Construction was completed in April 2016. It is now owned by Cubico Investments.”
Events Catalogue and Status
Reliability Parameters
| Six Wind Turbines - Model Senvion MM92 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reliability Evaluation (2016 - 2022) | ||||||||||
| Turbine | Forced Outages | *Ready [h] | Out-of-Service [h] | Probabilities | ||||||
| Total | Monthly | λ [h⁻¹] | Uptime | MTTF | Downtime | MTTR | FOR (P0) | A (P1) | ||
| 2016 | ||||||||||
| T01 |  |
32 | 0.00379 | 7,951.52 | 248.49 | 501.01 | 15.66 | 0.05927 | 0.94073 | |
| T02 | |
53 | 0.00639 | 8,136.62 | 156.47 | 153.18 | 2.89 | 0.01814 | 0.98186 | |
| T03 | |
30 | 0.00368 | 7,965.13 | 265.50 | 178.92 | 5.96 | 0.02197 | 0.97803 | |
| T04 | |
18 | 0.00226 | 7,907.14 | 439.29 | 41.90 | 2.33 | 0.00527 | 0.99473 | |
| T05 | |
17 | 0.00207 | 7,775.08 | 457.36 | 441.71 | 25.98 | 0.05376 | 0.94624 | |
| T06 | |
29 | 0.00367 | 7,723.99 | 275.86 | 183.64 | 6.33 | 0.02244 | 0.97756 | |
| 2017 | ||||||||||
| T01 | |
24 | 0.00283 | 8,429.53 | 351.23 | 42.66 | 1.78 | 0.00504 | 0.99496 | |
| T02 | |
17 | 0.00201 | 8,453.93 | 497.29 | 7.28 | 0.43 | 0.00086 | 0.99914 | |
| T03 | |
9 | 0.00120 | 7,473.43 | 830.38 | 3.73 | 0.41 | 0.00050 | 0.99950 | |
| T04 | |
21 | 0.00247 | 8,500.80 | 404.80 | 5.85 | 0.28 | 0.00069 | 0.99931 | |
| T05 | |
14 | 0.00165 | 8,501.42 | 607.24 | 6.07 | 0.43 | 0.00071 | 0.99929 | |
| T06 | |
37 | 0.00430 | 8,487.32 | 229.39 | 119.79 | 3.24 | 0.01392 | 0.98608 | |
| 2018 | ||||||||||
| T01 | |
12 | 0.00138 | 8,705.76 | 725.48 | 3.84 | 0.32 | 0.00044 | 0.99956 | |
| T02 | |
19 | 0.00218 | 8,696.98 | 457.74 | 12.56 | 0.66 | 0.00144 | 0.99856 | |
| T03 | |
24 | 0.00276 | 8,699.04 | 362.46 | 10.45 | 0.44 | 0.00120 | 0.99880 | |
| T04 | |
11 | 0.00126 | 8,699.60 | 790.87 | 9.87 | 0.90 | 0.00113 | 0.99887 | |
| T05 | |
11 | 0.00126 | 8,665.10 | 787.74 | 44.86 | 4.08 | 0.00515 | 0.99485 | |
| T06 | |
19 | 0.00219 | 8,656.02 | 455.58 | 6.71 | 0.35 | 0.00077 | 0.99923 | |
| 2019 | ||||||||||
| T01 | |
15 | 0.00201 | 7,452.84 | 496.86 | 8.63 | 0.58 | 0.00116 | 0.99884 | |
| T02 | |
17 | 0.00216 | 7,837.26 | 461.02 | 23.18 | 1.36 | 0.00295 | 0.99705 | |
| T03 | |
10 | 0.00148 | 6,735.20 | 673.52 | 21.06 | 2.11 | 0.00312 | 0.99688 | |
| T04 | |
17 | 0.00234 | 7,266.50 | 427.44 | 8.20 | 0.48 | 0.00113 | 0.99887 | |
| T05 | |
8 | 0.00110 | 7,268.16 | 908.52 | 7.66 | 0.96 | 0.00105 | 0.99895 | |
| T06 | |
9 | 0.00114 | 7,811.74 | 867.97 | 54.96 | 6.11 | 0.00699 | 0.99301 | |
| 2020 | ||||||||||
| T01 | |
21 | 0.00268 | 7,799.24 | 371.39 | 41.31 | 1.97 | 0.00527 | 0.99473 | |
| T02 | |
25 | 0.00319 | 7,821.99 | 312.88 | 18.92 | 0.76 | 0.00241 | 0.99759 | |
| T03 | |
14 | 0.00179 | 7,763.12 | 554.51 | 75.25 | 5.37 | 0.00960 | 0.99040 | |
| T04 | |
30 | 0.00383 | 7,774.38 | 259.15 | 66.99 | 2.23 | 0.00854 | 0.99146 | |
| T05 | |
16 | 0.00204 | 7,814.71 | 488.42 | 25.69 | 1.61 | 0.00328 | 0.99672 | |
| T06 | |
24 | 0.00306 | 7,824.05 | 326.00 | 14.88 | 0.62 | 0.00190 | 0.99810 | |
| 2021 | ||||||||||
| T01 | |
24 | 0.00301 | 7,861.40 | 327.56 | 114.53 | 4.77 | 0.01436 | 0.98564 | |
| T02 | |
14 | 0.00176 | 7,973.40 | 569.53 | 2.71 | 0.19 | 0.00034 | 0.99966 | |
| T03 | |
12 | 0.00150 | 7,973.98 | 664.50 | 1.95 | 0.16 | 0.00024 | 0.99976 | |
| T04 | |
10 | 0.00125 | 7,974.63 | 797.46 | 1.15 | 0.12 | 0.00014 | 0.99986 | |
| T05 | |
27 | 0.00339 | 7,681.87 | 284.51 | 294.06 | 10.89 | 0.03687 | 0.96313 | |
| T06 | |
13 | 0.00155 | 8,258.67 | 635.28 | 110.83 | 8.53 | 0.01324 | 0.98676 | |
| 2022 | ||||||||||
| T01 | |
85 | 0.00980 | 8,653.87 | 101.81 | 21.94 | 0.26 | 0.00253 | 0.99747 | |
| T02 | |
33 | 0.00389 | 8,428.90 | 255.42 | 59.77 | 1.81 | 0.00704 | 0.99296 | |
| T03 | |
7 | 0.00082 | 8,484.88 | 1,212.13 | 3.71 | 0.53 | 0.00044 | 0.99956 | |
| T04 | |
9 | 0.00106 | 8,426.84 | 936.32 | 61.75 | 6.86 | 0.00727 | 0.99273 | |
| T05 | |
34 | 0.00392 | 8,671.34 | 255.04 | 8.37 | 0.25 | 0.00096 | 0.99904 | |
| T06 | |
18 | 0.00212 | 8,059.58 | 447.75 | 428.91 | 23.83 | 0.05053 | 0.94947 | |
| * Forced Outages (IEC) only. Yearly evaluation period -> Censored uptime (TTF) data around year change. | ||||||||||
Time / State Diagrams
Histogram of Failure Causes
Total
Per Wind Turbine
References
Iannone, Richard, and Michael Chow. n.d. “great-tables: Make awesome display tables using Python.” https://github.com/posit-dev/great-tables.
Inc., Plotly Technologies. 2015. “Collaborative Data Science.” Montreal, QC: Plotly Technologies Inc. 2015. https://plot.ly.
Mühleisen, Hannes, Mark Raasveldt, et al. 2025. “DuckDB: An Embeddable Analytical Database.” https://duckdb.org.
Plumley, Charlie. 2022. “Kelmarsh Wind Farm Data (0.1.0) [Data Set].” Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/records/8252025.
Vink, Ritchie, and contributors. 2025. “Polars: Fast Multi-Threaded DataFrame Library in Rust and Python.” https://www.pola.rs/.